kamikaze language techniques
Purpose: We rhetorically explore the phenomenon of kamikaze attacks from a technical communication and rhetorical perspective by analyzing two 1945 Japanese military manuals, directed, respectively, to officers and pilots on how to organize and conduct suicide attacks against American warships. The entire country, in effect, was operating under this code by that timea code punishable by execution and implied consequences for the family of the disobeyer. On the question of visuals, Dragga and Voss (2001) advocate that technical communicators should genuinely integrate words and pictures instead of simply juxtaposing the two on the page or screen (p. 271). Feifer, G. (2012). Not being able to reach this prerequisite state must have been both relieving and simultaneously frustrating for the pilots. Any other use is strictly forbidden. pptx, 733.76 KB. Prepare GCSE English students for their AQA English Literature Paper 2 exam with Beyonds series of revise blogs, which delve into the detail of key syllabus texts. GCSE Subjects GCSE Subjects Art and Design Biology (Single Science) Business Chemistry (Single Science) Combined Science Computer Science Design and Technology Digital Technology (CCEA) Drama. Manual 1s visuals are so removed from the directives that it isolates them from the tasks they represent; the only reference to the visuals occurs in the table of contents. Reconsidering power and legitimacy in technical communication: A case for enlarging the definition of technical communicator. While this is a high-level (for officers) manual, there are some vivid instructions for pilots such as this one. kamikaze language techniques Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit It could be a way for the writer to emphasize the difficulty of what he is asking of the pilots and their commander, but, given the language in the rest of the manual, this would be an exception to the typical authoritative distance, which is chiefly created by tone. We feel it is important to subject wartime documents to rhetorical analysis so that their rhetorical maneuvers are left transparent to history, and especially for the benefit of those who may write such military discourse in the future. A classical case of poor communication: P.G.T. Refine any search. It is like a long shot in a movie suddenly turning into a close-up and the scene expands in your face. AQA Power and Conflict - Kamikaze | Teaching Resources PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Pulling out of the dive left the bomber vulnerable to attack as monoplanes of the era were slow climbers, but with the Togo, there was no concern for escape. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 47(1), 526. It is our hope that this rhetorical analysis sheds light on the phenomenon of the Togo attacks and opens up future fruitful analysis of other military manuals and discourse, particularly those from World War II. The poem is structured as a series of eight stanzas of five lines. Kamikaze | Teaching Resources Technical Communication Quarterly, 11(1), 3159. Japanese commanders did not know the atomic bomb that would destroy Hiroshima and Nagasaki was coming, so they were facing, in their minds, a near-certain conventional invasion. The patriotism and honour of the kamikaze pilots is felt with the words one-way journey into history, showing that the pilots felt that their actions would bring both themselves and their country glory in some way. The essay also focuses on bushido (which originated with the samurai warriors). These manuals are excellent examples of how powerful the genre of procedure can be to normalize and rationalize even the most extreme tasks. The pilots of these more conventional aircraft at least had a chance of returning to a carrier or airfield; the only chance for a Togo pilot to return was if he failed to locate a target. It was first used to describe a series of typhoons (serious storms from the sea) that prevented two of Kublai Khan's attempts to invade Japan in the 13 th century. Patriotism, high at the beginning of training, dwindled (p. 6), and as one doomed pilot wrote in his diary three months before his final mission, To be honest, I cannot say that the wish to die for the emperor is genuine, coming from my heart. What is a kamikaze? Manning, A., & Amare, N. (2006). Teachit is a registered trademark (no. Historynet. This further enhances the sense of disconnect from the reader and the mans family. Technical Communication, 48(3), 265274. kamikaze language techniques Aguad, B., & Voss, D. (2017). Method: We examine Japanese military ideology at a particular stage in the war to contextualize a rhetorical analysis of the two translated texts. It is one of the poems in the AQA Anthology. At that moment, you see your mothers face. This was analysed using the scores from the EdPlace database with all activities taken by students managed by parent accounts between October 2018 and September 2019. The ethic of expediency: Classical rhetoric, technology, and the holocaust. A nation challenged: Notes found after the hijackings. This signals the continuation of the samurai tradition through the actions of the kamikaze pilots. This is not to say that we, the authors, think their actions were reasonable and rational, but rather, the pilots and commanders thought so, and manuals like this one provided an inevitable procedure to fall back upon in moments of doubt. Technical Communication, 53(2), 195211. Thus, these manuals reinforced their justification of desperate yet reasonable and rational action. Power and Conflict: 'Kamikaze'. Dragga, S., & Gong, G. (2014). Personal Pronoun 8. Farkas, D. K. (1999). It also appears that this manual could be used in multiple Togo units as its orders are not from any specific source and are applicable to several tactical situations. Comparisons and alternative. ), Rethinking rhetorical theory, criticism, and pedagogy (pp. Suicide attacks were made by pilots of other nations, such as the Germans (Feifer, 2012), but they were not organized. Contrary to popular legend, Japanese conventional pilots during the war were indeed issued parachutes, but most refused to wear them as they did not want to be captured and they got in the way of flying (Caidin & Saito, 1957). Her father embarked 2 Minutes on Structure: 'Kamikaze' - YouTube The first full stop of the entire poem occurs at the end of the fifth stanza as the pilot makes the life altering decision to turn back and the remainder of the poem is in the voice of his daughter. Baer, G. W. (1996). A fiery, violent suicide is reduced to an easy-to-solve trigonometry problem. It is always difficult to match documents to effect, but the relative success of the Togo squadrons suggests they played some persuasive role in ensuring discipline among pilots that were internally struggling with their impending deaths. . Given the approach speeds of the planes being over a hundred knots, it is good advice for increasing the chance of hitting the target. Copyright Sandbox Learning Limited. As such, it presents the national identity of Japan in various guises. Screen captures to support switching attention. Mike Duncan is a professor of English at the University of Houston-Downtown. chattered and laughed. Have a specific question about this poem? Indeed, much like religious discourse, the primary rhetorical appeal for both manuals is an appeal to authority, as we might expect from any military manual. Even if the officer disregards the manual entirely, its directives remain. Comparison - Kamikaze by Beatrice Garland - AQA - BBC Bitesize Images and encouraging language can be helpful, certainly, but they also ethically enable. AQA Power and Conflict - Loss - Kamikaze / Poppies - YouTube Thats 5 for as many resources as you can download with no limit! In A. Worksheet. The pilots were expected to fly their plane directly into warships, causing maximum damage. The author is unknown and anonymous, but, presumably, Manual 1 was written above the rank of a Togo commanding officer with the images possibly added by an assistant or assistants. When you eliminate all thoughts about life and death, you will be able to totally disregard your earthly life. Our remarks on Manual 2 cannot be as extensive as for Manual 1, as we have been so far unable to locate the Japanese text of Manual 2. The words are spoken with wonder however. Although the guard force and Togo troop often become separated if the battle begins in the air, it is necessary for the direct guard force to avoid being separated from Togo troop. Beauregards battle orders and Report of the First Battle of Bull Run. Technical Communication, 54(3), 343358. American forces were about to land on Okinawa, which was adjacent to the Japanese home islands, and few Japanese naval vessels remained to oppose them. There is also a deeper, darker reading of brain-washing and state manipulation in the line. The word kamikaze means divine wind in Japanese. Katz, S. B. Bliese, J. R. E. (1994). Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 46(3), 311341. Loose comparisons could be made between the Togo pilots and the September 11, 2001 hijackers, who apparently had a highly religious Last Night document with detailed instructions (New York Times). Manning and Amare note in their treatment of technical communication ethics that If we define all of ethics, as Peirce does, as the reasoned choice of actions to attain reasonably chosen goals, then this . Things made by words: Reflections on textual criticism. And the living embodiment of all wonderful things from our past is the Imperial Family, which is also the crystallization of the splendor and beauty of Japan and its people. The main focus of Manual 2, based on the translated excerpts, is threefold: 1) mental and spiritual preparation, 2) technical instruction, and 3) vivid and lurid description of the suicidal act. A key aspect to bushido is the act of seppuku, where a dishonored samurai voluntarily commits suicide if sufficiently dishonored or wounded, or is ordered to do so by a superior. (p. 78). Shimpo, R., Masahide, O., Ealey, M., and McLauchlan, A. You should always refer to your own text when working through these examples. This was often the real response to pilots who chose not to complete their suicide mission. docx, 36.18 KB. During the Second World War, the term 'kamikaze' was used for Japanese fighter pilots who were sent on suicide missions. The math is necessary, but the chasm between the images and the humans obliterated in an instant is wide. For this reason, the indirect guard force and the direct guard force need to exert [effort in] confirming the battle result as much as they can. If you are approaching the enemy from a height of 6,000 metres, adjust your speed twice; or from a lower height of 4,000 metres, adjust speed once. These are not objective instructions but rhetorical acts, and the extreme nature of the intended desired state make them excellent examples of such acts for pedagogy when demonstrating the wide range of the manual genre for students and instructors. Overview - Kamikaze by Beatrice Garland - AQA - BBC Bitesize Manual 1 is clearly a procedural document, given it is prefaced with an overview, includes step-rich sequential directives, integrates multiple headings throughout, and features multiple images. The moment of impact and death is described in imaginative, lurid detail. If it were completely focused on officers, the manual would have concentrated more on matters of discipline; as is, the document is a blend between action and motivation. Without specific orders to do so, and the military structure to enable the act, we suspect kamikaze attacks would have still occurred but would have been far rarer and disorganized. . It made sense to Japanese commanders to adapt these two already tested techniques to kamikaze warfare, particularly the simultaneous use of multiple aircraft. The pedagogy of manual writing can be enhanced by the use of such gripping examples, especially cross-culturally. They were expected to crash their warplanes into enemy warships. A set of activities to work through to explore the poem Kamikaze. Accordingly, the entire manual is in the imperative mood and the text in its original dialect is emotionless and dry; it contains no deviations from formal politeness, which contrasts its violent subject matter. The powerful incantations line gives a reader a sense of the mystical and almost fanatical nature of the way the pilots were prepared for their journeys. a kamikaze pilot. Through our rhetorical analysis of these documents and their unique context, we show that they, through procedure, reinforce the decision to become living missiles as a rational choice. This poem tells the story of akamikaze pilot who, unlike many of his comrades,turns back from his target and returns home. If possible, it is best if it is around the area between the chimney[s] and the bridge, or the elevator if it is an aircraft carrier, and the area slightly above the waterline in the center is good in the case of a very low altitude horizontal crash. Yes, please keep me updated on EdPlace's news, advice and offers (subject to EdPlace's, Winner - Best for Home Learning / Parents. The two manuals are gripping case studies for discussion of ethical technical communication across cultures, in situational context, and as instructional genre, illustrating the power of written procedure to facilitate extreme acts. Each, along with the imperative text, contributes to an abstracted, clinical perspective that dehumanizes and renders abstract the horrific act of these pilots suicides. This character originally looked a little more like lightening, which represented the ancient belief that such night-splitting events marked the arrival of a god. First, this manual was written for commanding those who are certain to die in action, as opposed to a more conventional military manual written for those with at least a chance of surviving enemy action. Kamikaze key quotes and themes 8 terms KatieBor20 Poppies Key Quotes & Inferences 18 terms ameliahewitt03 Ozymandias Key Quotes 9 terms amberjag123 Remains key quotes 10 terms betty_warnock Recent flashcard sets S.194 27 terms quizlette64992435 spanish vocab 35 terms k25zliene18 Milchsorten Fettgehalt 7 terms Honigbrot1291 Dance Final 21 terms They are easy to remember if studied individually and demonstrate well the manuals assumption of authority. Key Words 'kamikaze' - a Japanese word that literally means 'divine wind'. The theme of national identity can also be explored in the poem Checking Out Me History, The Emigre or The Charge of the Light Brigade. Like what you see? The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. thoughout the poem there is constant mention of the sea. We also examine excerpts from another 1945 Togo manual (later referred to as Manual 2), 88 pages long, which is available only in English translation through the 2002 book Kamikaze: Japans Suicide Gods. The tuna, a dark prince, reminds us of the dangers and menaces of the natural world. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. docx, 46.37 KB. The title refers to Japanese pilots during World War II tasked with flying a suicide mission. Her email address is hillj@uhd.edu. One way or another, the Togo will commence their attacks and die. We conclude that certain pilot mortality affects the instructional form, the language reinforces the inevitability of the suicidal act, the images included dehumanize the act further, and the manuals seem created to address potential disciplinary issues. There are four images within Manual 1, which we will refer to as Dive, Formations, Attack Assignments, and Dive II, labeled as images 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. These three modes of communication; the mental/spiritual, the technical, and the vivid; blend together here to create compelling content. In this worksheet, students will analyse the language devices used in the poem 'Kamikaze' by Beatrice Garland. Japan faced an unimaginable defeat at the hands of the US, when it was widely believed by Japanese that the US tortured their prisoners to death, whether military or civilian, and that they would butcher the Japanese civilian population in an invasion. PDF downloads of all 1725 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. A modern poem that offers an alternative interpretation of bravery in conflict: it does not focus on a soldier in battle but on the mother who is left behind and must cope with his death. Unusual and compelling artifacts such as these kamikaze manuals work well to bring alive in the classroom a usually mundane yet fundamental corner of technical communication.Genius Challenge Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration Answer Key, Picture Of Patrick Mckenna Private Investigator, Dvla Sensitive Casework Team Address, Allen County Sheriff Activity Log, Jim And Ted Baird Now, Articles K