tetragametic chimerism jeopardy contestant
Counts of Target Development Levels for diseases known to be associated with this disease. 13. In this report, we present a case of a parthenogenic chimera with a karyotype of XX/XY, together with a literature review. Biesecker LG, Spinner NB. As Tindell surveyed the evidence against Fairchild, he discovered the article Disputed Maternity Leading to Identification of Tetragametic Chimerism, published on 16 May 2002 in The New England Journal of Medicine, in which doctor Neng Yu and a team of researchers presented the case of Karen Keegan, a woman who had needed a kidney transplant. A case of a parthenogenetic 46,XX/46,XY chimera presenting - Nature The vanishing twins, like Karen Keegan and Lydia Fairchild, came about from the fusion of distinct zygotes. Bar, 100m. Hum Reprod. Tom Nissley $235,405 Different molecular studies have confirmed this mechanism ( Green et al. 1 in 385 Canadians live with MS. Ill be doing my shift as part of the relay on Thursday, October 21 from 2:00 AM to 8:00 AM EDT on my own Twitch channel, twitch.tv/andythequizzer/. Coryat lost to incorrect responses (less double-correct responses): $6,800, Jonathan Fisher, career statistics: All this talk of genetic anomalies and quirks brings us right back to Alaska. Scan data were visualized using ChAS 3.2 software (Affymetrix). Could a chimeric condition be responsible for unexpected genetic 3 This study was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (grant number 17K00481 to RK, to 17K11259 to TK). Robinson-Gissette $3,600, Tonights results: Are you going on the show and looking for information about how to bet in Final Jeopardy? J Med Genet. Correct Qs: DD1 What is delta? 20. 49 correct, 3 incorrect Clue selection strategy: With Matt gone, we saw a return to mostly top-down play in round one, although in DJ, clue selection became more varied. While the children did not match her DNA from a blood analysis, they did match the DNA sample from her pap test. Mariko Taniguchi-Ikeda. However, sometimes the ovaries, which are organs in the female body that produce and store eggs, release more than one egg at a time, a phenomenon known as hyperovulation. J Med Genet. In the world of board games, HarperCollins is known for having the publishing rights outside of North America for the official worldwide Scrabble word list, due to the bifurcation of the publishing rights to the game itself (Hasbro has the North American rights and partners with Merriam-Webster; Mattel has the rights in the rest of the world and partnered with Collins Dictionary.). Colby Burnett $408,333 Sperm meets egg, and we get a zygote with a full set of chromosomes. In the documentary, Fairchilds lawyer, Tindell, suggested that DNA may not be as infallible as previously thought. An unusual observation of tetragametic chimerism: forensic - Springer 2. Have you had a chance to listen to our podcast game show, Complete The List, yet? Brittany $5,200 Tetragametic chimeras can have what doctors refer to as atypical genital appearance, although not all intersex people are chimeras, and not all chimeras are intersex. and JavaScript. Am J Med Genet A. Average Coryat: $15,200, To win: Such examples have been found in mice and other mammalian species including humans. It was while investigating an illness in her early teens that Muhl discovered both her allergies and unusual birthmark were the result of tetragametic chimerism between her own fertilised egg and that of a fraternal twin. tetragametic chimerism jeopardy contestant. The yellow and pink colored chromosomes are of maternal origin. 1/1 on rebound attempts (on 6 rebound opportunities) And when we look at chimerism induced through medical interventions or pregnancy, there are always clearly two people involved, and thus originally two zygotes: the donor and the recipient, the mother and the child. - In genetic terms, a chimera is any organism that is made up of cells from at least two genetically distinct zygotes, a zygote being a fertilized egg d Testis biopsy of the patient (left). When the extracted DNA is compared to the criminal justice DNA database, a match is found to a blood sample that was taken from a known criminal. However, we know that 20 to 30 percent of singleton pregnancies were originally a twin or a multiple pregnancy. We have many new offerings at The Jeopardy! Actually Mayim was holding the cue card or clue card and when she moved it you could see Final Jeopardy. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Julia Collins $428,100 Sometimes, though, these twins fuse in the womb and become one. Red and blue numbers indicate paternal origin, and yellow and pink numbers indicate maternal origin. A man accused of a crime while he was behind bars. The B-allele frequency of the SNP array showed a mixture of three and five allele combinations, which excluded mosaicism but not chimerism, and suggested the fusion of two embryos or a shared parental haplotype between the two parental cells. Chimerism is a rare condition in which a person's body contains two different sets of DNA. Her doctors were scheduled to induce labor of her third pregnancy the following Monday. It is quite possible, as the study of biology keeps teaching us, that it can be all three depending on the context. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Yu, Neng, Margot S. Kruskall, Juan J. Yunis, Joan HM Knoll, Lynne Uhl, Sharon Alosco, Marina Ohashi, Olga Clavijo, Zaheed Husain, Emilio J. Yunis, Jorge J. Yunis, and Edmond J. Yunis. The XX/XY chimera manifests variable genital phenotypes, ranging from normal male or female genitalia to different degrees of ambiguous genitalia. If they dont finish the boards, well know why :). So very unassuming..all around nice young man. Copyright Arizona Board of Regents Licensed as Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/, https://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/shes-twin/story?id=2315693, http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=law_facarticles, https://academic.oup.com/humupd/article/5/2/179/562946, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFf5gKiTGlo&vl=en, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3684380/, https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/144217/Chimeric-Criminals-by-David-Kay_MN-Journal-Law-Science-Tech-Issue-14-1.pdf, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3-human-chimeras-that-already-exist/, https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/ovulation-signs/faq-20058000, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa013452, Arcabascio, Catherine. Once again, even though the court-appointed witness saw this child come out of her body, the child did not match her DNA. To investigate the parental origin of the genome in the patient, we performed microsatellite marker analysis, as known as short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Except they were not. Cris Pannullo $748,286 (Although their deliberate choice of clues on those occasions when they did get a correct response likely also contributed). A 41-year-old healthy Caucasian male showed an unidentifiable direct AB0 group and a B group by an indirect method revealing the presence of natural antibodies anti-A1 and anti-A2. A bone marrow transplant which comes from an outside donor (often used in cases of blood cancer) will also create chimerism, as the bone marrow is the birthing and nurturing ground for blood cells. Conlin LK, Thiel BD, Bonnemann CG, Medne L, Ernst LM, Zackai EH, et al. We thank Prof. Mario Sessarego for the cytogenetic analysis. All I can think of is that the contestants are given backup cards to write on in case their light pen fails and Brittany was just holding one of those up, maybe? I didnt anticipate the issue with Mayim calling on R-G whilst R-G was calling out the answer, the two speaking simultaneously, and other issues. According to the documentary, other forms of evidence of Fairchilds maternity, including photographs of Fairchild with her children throughout their lives, Townsend stating he had witnessed both childrens births, and footprint records taken from the children as neonates, were repeatedly dismissed. Scientists ended up testing all manners of biological specimens from herher hair, her skin, cells from inside her mouth, even tissue that had been removed from her in the past and preservedand they found in some of these two different DNA profiles. Triple Stumper of the day: If the players focused on the last six words of this lengthy clue, they likely would have known that "the short route between 2 points" is a straight line. For more information, please see our Google Scholar. A 41-year-old healthy Caucasian male showed an unidentifiable direct AB0 group and a B group by an indirect method revealing the presence of natural antibodies anti-A1 and anti-A2. a On examination, the patient showed cryptorchidism (left), hypospadias (right), and anterior scrotum (right). We would like to thank the patient and the family for participating in this study. Part of Springer Nature. 25. 11. After testing Keegans son, the researchers discovered that he was a genetic match to Keegan. This time, genomic DNA was extracted from the patients nails and parental peripheral blood cells. In 1969, three researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, collected white blood cells from women pregnant with boys and found that some had what appeared to be a Y chromosome. 3a). Jonathan $30,000 /r/Jeopardy, a subreddit for the appreciation of The World's Greatest Game Show: JEOPARDY! Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics 6:174176, Fracasso T, Schrenkamp M, Brinkmann B, Hohoff C (2008) An X-STR meiosis study in Kurds and Germans: allele frequencies and mutation rates. Slider with three articles shown per slide. One is maternal-fetal microchimerism, a phenomenon that occurs during typical human gestation involving a transfer of cells between the fetus and pregnant woman. We first determined the patients genotype as well as the genotype of the parents. Those researchers then tested Keegans third son, who had not originally been tested because he was a child at the time and would be unable to donate a kidney. I would think starting big would be an attractive strategy regardless of whos at the podiums, right? Fairchild appeared in court on a Friday. She was pregnant with her third child when she and the father of her children, Jamie Townsend, separated. Int J Legal Med 122:353356, Boklage CE (2006) Embryogenesis of chimeras, twins and anterior midline asymmetries. She was accused of attempting to defraud the government through an elaborate surrogacy scheme, and prosecutors even asked that her children be taken away from her and sent to foster care. All markers showed the contribution of two paternal alleles and one maternal allele in the chimera (Fig. To obtain Where chimerism involves contrasting sex . A tetragametic chimera thus has two main types of cells making up their body. A genetic chimerism or chimera (/ k a m r , k -/ ky-MEER-, k-) is a single organism composed of cells with more than one distinct genotype.In animals and human chimeras, this means an individual derived from two or more zygotes, which can include possessing blood cells of different blood types, subtle variations in form and, if the zygotes were of differing sexes, then even . World Tour . Jeopardy! recap for Tue., Oct. 12 - Blogger 6/7 on Daily Doubles (Net Earned: $9,800) 1) & PLAYING TRIANGLE $400 (clue #17) International Journal of Legal Medicine 7. We used genomic DNA, which was isolated from nail as a template for microarray analysis. 2018;35:34552. Chimerism is thought to result from the fertilization of two oocytes by two sperms and subsequent fusion of two zygotes into one single embryo. ), DD2 - $2,000 - EUROPEAN HISTORY - Though Pippin III founded this Frankish dynasty in 751, its name comes from the many Charleses who ruled it (Robinson-Gissette won the table limit of $2,000. The Jeopardy! Lydia Fairchild was applying for public assistance to help support her family, and testing was required to prove that her children were indeed related to her. The identification of a spontaneous 47,XX,+21/46,XY chimeric fetus with male genitalia. Some People Are Their Own Identical Twins, And The - ScienceAlert The season 4 finale of the television show C.S.I. This indicates the presence of two different genomes, demonstrating that the patient does not show mosaicism but is an XX/XY chimera. Sure enough, he was the father, BUT the mother did NOT match the children. Walsh correctly answered "It" (by author Stephen King), ending the show with $18,800 for a four-day total win of $81,700. Google Scholar. So they sent the woman for various tissue sampling and finally found a match. Jeopardy! Robinson-Gissette spoke in their interview about having tetragametic chimerism. Hypospadias was repaired. Sheets KM, Baird ML, Heinig J, Davis D, Sabatini M, Starr DB. Epigenetics. 1a). He just was not able to recover and the second-longest winning streak in the history of the show came to an end. I was on J! Her blood had come from one sperm and one egg, but some of her other tissues had a touch of the chimera. Identification of the mechanism underlying a human chimera by SNP array analysis. Furthermore, it was suggested that the patient was not the common tetragametic chimera, but a parthenogenetic chimera. As time came for her to give birth to her third child, the judge ordered that an observer be present at the birth, ensure that blood samples were immediately taken from both the child and Fairchild, and be available to testify. Tetragametic chimerism is a rare, sex chromosome disorder of sex development characterized by the two different haploid sets of maternal and paternal chromosomes and variable phenotype - from normal male or female genitalia, to different degrees of ambiguous genitalia, and often infertility. Kaye states that Krimsky and Simoncellis point that any human could display some trait of chimerism is only true because there are numerous ways someone could be considered a chimera. b On operation, epididymes were identified macroscopically, but the tunica albuginea of the testis was absent bilaterally (left). DD3 - What is veterinarian? ), DD3 - $2,000 - EDUCATION FIRSTS - In 1761 Claude Bourgelat, who wrote "Sur la Mdecine des Chevaux", set up the first school for this profession (On the last clue of DJ, Jonathan won $1,000 from his score of $29,000 vs. $5,200 for Brittany. I heard an interesting story about chimerism. DD3 What is veterinarian? But in other chimeras, there is a dominant set of DNA in the body, with the other set only present in certain tissues. Reddit - Dive into anything Privacy Policy. ", Rettner, Rachael. 7: 24.987% Jason Zuffranieri $542,496 A case of a parthenogenetic 46,XX/46,XY chimera presenting ambiguous genitalia. However, Kaye states that those forms of chimerism would not affect how DNA is left in crime scenes. When commenting, please note that all comments on The Jeopardy! . Jeopardy! recap for Tue., Oct. 12 - The Avocado In such cases, two different sperm can fertilize two separate eggs released during hyperovulation, creating two genetically distinct fertilized eggs that can develop into non-identical twins. 8. Abstract. The Avocado uses cookies to help us with usage statistics. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Mark Dawson $343,849, Copyright 2023 | MH Newsdesk lite by MH Themes. 3/4 on Daily Doubles (Net Earned: $3,600) 12. 19 correct, 2 incorrect PubMed To better evaluate the percentage of chimerism in P1 and P2, we are taking advantage of a 44Amplicon Custom Chimerism panel based on Ion AmpliSeq technology as previously reported by Aloisio et al. Alex Jacob $424,802 Laursen RJ, Alsbjerg B, Vogel I, Gravholt CH, Elbaek H, Lildballe DL, et al. They also found that, although the DNA in Fairchild's skin and hair did not match her children's, the DNA from a cervical smear test did match. Each time, the results indicated that Fairchild was not the biological mother of the two children. Getting Pregnant. Mayo Clinic, August 16, 2019. 15. The brother was the sexual assailant. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Human chimerism is rare but is typically marked by certain characteristics, such as two distinct red blood cell lineages or patchy skin pigmentation, though neither Fairchild nor Keegan exhibited those traits showing obvious signs of chimerism. ISSN 1434-5161 (print), A case of a parthenogenetic 46,XX/46,XY chimera presenting ambiguous genitalia, https://doi.org/10.1038/s10038-020-0748-4, Haplotyping-based preimplantation genetic testing reveals parent-of-origin specific mechanisms of aneuploidy formation, Novel pericentric inversion inv(9)(p23q22.3) in unrelated individuals with fertility problems in the Southeast European population, Detectable chromosome X mosaicism in males is rarely tolerated in peripheral leukocytes, Mosaic Turner syndrome shows reduced penetrance in an adult population study, Microdeletions and microduplications linked to severe congenital disorders in infertile men, Parental contribution to trisomy in heterozygous androgenetic complete moles, Androgenetic chimerism as an etiology for BeckwithWiedemann syndrome: diagnosis and management, Comprehensive copy number analysis of Y chromosome-linked loci for detection of structural variations and diagnosis of male infertility, Evidence for nonhomologous meiotic coorientation in man, Parental genomes segregate into distinct blastomeres during multipolar zygotic divisions leading to mixoploid and chimeric blastocysts. Actor Jonathan ran a category about directors early in DJ and never had an anxious moment, leading into FJ with $30,000 vs. $5,200 for Brittany and $3,600 for Robinson-Gissette. The DNA of Fairchild's children matched that of Fairchild's mother to the extent expected of a grandmother. 2012;13:85. 1/1 on rebound attempts (on 1 rebound opportunity) ), DD3 $2,000 EDUCATION FIRSTS In 1761 Claude Bourgelat, who wrote Sur la Mdecine des Chevaux, set up the first school for this profession (On the last clue of DJ, Jonathan won $1,000 from his score of $29,000 vs. $5,200 for Brittany. In fact, when tetragametic chimeras have no idea that they are creatures of myth, to put it theatrically, it can make for puzzling discoveries and leave some in legal trouble. citibank check ops bank by mail san antonio. This subreddit is not affiliated with, sponsored by, or operated by Jeopardy Productions or Sony Pictures. If the disease has a valid DOID, targets known to be associated with all child diseases are aggregated. 1998;62:93740. Tetragametic chimerism detected in a healthy woman with mixed-field David Madden $430,400 Parthenogenetic chimaerism/mosaicism with a Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotype. In the present case, genotyping determined that the patient had a rare condition (XX/XY chimerism). A 41-year-old healthy Caucasian male showed an unidentifiable direct AB0 group and a B group by an indirect method revealing the presence of natural antibodies anti-A1 and anti-A2. Mixed fields with anti-B and anti-A+B antisera led to the conclusion that blood group B and 0 cell populations were present in a 1:1 ratio. 2021-05-20T21:33:12-08:00 . Study design and methods: Blood grouping was performed with standard gel centrifugation test cards, ABO genotyping by sequence-specific primers (SSPs) and . With no other tell-tale manifestation of chimerism, Keegan had spent most of her life not knowing that she was probably the result of twins that had fused in early development. Researchers later determined that the genetic mismatch was due to chimerism, a condition in which two genetically distinct cell lines are present in one body. I was sitting in the room when Abirami Chidambaram, then of the Alaska State Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, presented this fascinating case at a genetics conference in Salt Lake City in 2005. J Korean Med Sci 22:553556, Gusmo L, Butler JM, Carracedo A et al (2006) DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG): an update of the recommendations on the use of Y-STRs in forensic analysis. Documented cases of chimerism in humans like Fairchild and Keegan are rare, and the actual incidence rate is unknown. Jonathan is a one-day champ with winnings of $29,000. A chimera is defined as the fusion product of two different zygotes in a single embryo, whereas a mosaic results from a mitotic error in a single zygote. 2007;22:103741. Kaye acknowledges that human chimerism should be a consideration in DNA testing, given its unknown frequency, but rejects the statement that it is a significant obstacle to its use in forensic investigation. c The ultrasound echoic level of both gonads was homogeneous. - Cells that belong to the fetus can continue circulating in the mothers blood for years, and while they may decrease the mothers risk of cancer and increase her risk of autoimmune diseases, more studies are needed to clarify these associations. Lydia Fairchild (born 1976) is an American woman who exhibits chimerism, having two distinct populations of DNA among the cells of her body. Actor Jonathan ran a category about directors early in DJ and never had an anxious moment, leading into FJ with $30,000 vs. $5,200 for Brittany and $3,600 for Robinson-Gissette. ", George, Renjith, Preethy Mary Donald, Sumanth Kumbargere Nagraj, Jose Joy Idiculla, and Rashid Hj Ismail. 2006;43:18792. Therefore, we expect this method to become the standard for patients who are chimeric for the XX/XY karyotype. 0/1 in Final Jeopardy The twins who become chimeras in the womb because of their interconnected blood supply, they are distinct zygotes. DJ! It seemed as if TPTB were trying to keep the streak going but DJ just took too long. FISH showed nuc ish XX[83]/XY[17]. As ABC News put it, she was her own twin, carrying within her two different sets of genes, with one being consistent with her children and creating her eggs, and the other one being inconsistent. Next, to confirm chimerism, we analyzed the B-allele frequency of autosomes and the X chromosome [13, 14]. The copy number state of chromosome X was 1.5, which means that the ratio of XX to XY was about 50% (Fig. 16. Scores going into Final: However, with the new evidence that an infant Fairchild had undeniably delivered did not match her DNA, a lawyer, Alan Tindell, agreed to represent her. Fairchilds case was one of the first public accounts of chimerism and has been used as an example in subsequent discussions about the validity and reliability of DNA evidence in legal proceedings within the United States. Schematic drawing of how a parthenogenetic chimera is produced. But the eccentricities of DNA are many. A negative anamnesis for both transplantation and transfusion suggested a . Whereas tetragametic chimeras are known as the most common subtype of XX/XY chimeras, which are derived from the simple fusion of two different zygotes, parthenogenetic chimeras and androgenetic chimeras [8, 11] undergo endoreplication of one of the gametic genomes. We often think of inheritance in simple terms: my parents had it, therefore so do I. Fan Online Store! Department of Legal Medicine, University of Genova, Via De Toni 12, 16132, Genova, Italy, S. Verdiani,A. Bonsignore,L. Casarino&F. De Stefano, Blood Transfusion Service, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy, You can also search for this author in But there are interesting cases where the developing embryo becomes a sort of chimera. Check out my new Betting Strategy 101 page, Did you know that you can now find game-by-game stats of everyone, now including Jason Zuffranieri and James Holzhauer, who has won 10 or more games on. Actor Jonathan ran a category about directors early in DJ and never had an anxious moment, leading into FJ with $30,000 vs. $5,200 for Brittany and $3,600 for Robinson-Gissette. The rare condition can happen during fetal . It is possible that this pregnancy-related microchiome interacts with the immune system in such ways as to flag cancerous cells but also to trigger undesired immune reactions, but the truth is, with studies differing so much in their methodology and outcomes, we can call the microchiome beneficial, neutral, or detrimental, depending on our mood. October 12, 2021. Just to be clear, my point was merely jesting as to how long it takes to say Robinson-Gissette. After discovering Keegans two sons were not a genetic match for her, a group of researchers suggested chimerism as the potential explanation. Contestants; Contestant Zone. Jonathan dropped $7,500 to win with $22,500 for a two-day total of $51,700. If you receive a solid organ transplantationa liver, or heart, or lungs, for example, you are technically a chimera, as the DNA in the cells of this organ is different from your own, and this chimerism can spread when white blood cells that carried over from the donor during the organ transplant start to circulate. Documentary Screening - "Virulent: The Vaccine War", unlikely that vanishing twins are commonplace, some had what appeared to be a Y chromosome, this fascinating case at a genetics conference in Salt Lake City in 2005, The World Health Organization Has a Pseudoscience Problem, Gene-Therapied Pork or the Fear of RNA Vaccines in Livestock, Quack Clinics in Mexico Bet Big on Experimental Immunotherapy. Sex-chromosome discordant chimerism (XX/XY chimerism) is a rare chromosomal disorder in humans. Brittany $4,400 [2][3] He realized that Fairchild's case might also be caused by chimerism. 6. Disputed Maternity Leading to Identification of Tetragametic Chimerism Clue selection strategy: With Matt gone, we saw a return to mostly top-down play in round one, although in DJ, clue selection became more varied. as it was the first taping after the long summer break. More information about Final Jeopardy: (The following write-up is original content and is copyright 2021 The Jeopardy! Ken Jennings $4,370,700 Background: The case of a healthy woman with serologic blood group AB and her biologic father showing blood group O was investigated. Kudos to the writers for the WHO DIRECTED IT? This website is not affiliated with, sponsored by, or operated by Jeopardy Productions, Inc. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), on "Todays Final Jeopardy Tuesday, October 12, 2021", Jeopardy! Brittany $4,200 Coryat, 11 correct, 2 incorrect, 17.86% in first on buzzer (10/56), 1/2 on rebound attempts (on 6 rebound opportunities) volume65,pages 705709 (2020)Cite this article. Tetragametic chimerism (Concept Id: CN200724) - National Center for 22. Kaye also asserts that chimerism in the cases of Fairchild and Keegan are the exception and should not change how the public views DNA evidence. Dang it I am so sad matt lost out. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-009-0332-0. FJ - What is Harper? J Med Genet. Its also available on Apple Podcasts. Tetragametic chimerism, where a twin pregnancy evolves into one child, is currently believed to be one of the rarer forms. 1/1 on Daily Doubles (Net Earned: $1,400) Average Coryat: $4,200, Robinson-Gissette Cruz, career statistics: ), DD2 $2,000 EUROPEAN HISTORY Though Pippin III founded this Frankish dynasty in 751, its name comes from the many Charleses who ruled it (Robinson-Gissette won the table limit of $2,000. Once Fairchilds mother submitted her DNA in comparison, matching as the maternal grandmother of the children, the judge dismissed the case, admitting he was wrong.Ac Valhalla Halfdan Knows Halfdan Does Not Know, Articles T